Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to deficiency or diminished effectiveness of insulin. The motivation to carry out this study was directed to a patient of age 55, who came in with a complaint of cough and epigastric pain.

Assessments were carried out, problems identified and nursing diagnoses established which were directed to the better management for prevention of complication setting in. a nursing care plan outlining the care rendered was established which lead to the full and recovery of the patient.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

Diabetes is a metabolic syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. It is also a medical condition characterized by a persistent increase in blood sugar due to relatively or absolutely insulin deficiency.

Diabetes occurs worldwide and has an increasing incidence. It was estimated that in the year 2000, 17 million people had diabetes and it is expected to double by the year 2030 (Frier and Fisher, 2006)

Diabetes is a challenging disease to manage successfully because of the complexity of the management regimen. Diabetes care provider knows patient can avoid the complication of diabetes if they comply with their manager. Two major forms of diabetes mellitus are type I and type 2. The world health organization (W H O) estimated that 15 million people are blind as a result of diabetes and are the commonest cause of kidney failure and limb amputation. As every time, seconds, minutes, hours pass by in the world today, someone dies of diabetes mellitus.

1.2 Problem Of Statement

According to Steven E. (2014), it is estimated that the developed world will undergo a 42% increase in prevalence and the developing countries will undergo a 170% increase in the prevalence of diabetes.

Long ago, diabetes was a disease condition that is considered for old age people or even “witchcraft” to an extent, but this wasn’t the case as the researcher during the internship program, noticed that most people were hospitalized because of diabetes mellitus. What actually drew the researcher’s attention was the fact that even young children are also cut up with this disease. All those scares and baffled the intern who sought to find out why there is an alarming rate of this disease, the causes, complications, and prevention.

1.3 Objectives

1.3.1 Main Objectives

This case study is carried out to be able to assess a patient with diabetes mellitus type II, treat and manage the complications associated to this disease condition.

1.3.2 Specific Objectives

1. To know the signs and symptoms of diabetes type II
2. To know the causes of diabetes mellitus type II
3. To know the complications of diabetes mellitus type II
4. To assess nurses, caregivers and doctors role in the management of patients with diabetes mellitus type II

1.4   Motivation

During the internship practice carried out at the Kumba sub district hospital, the researcher came across so many elderly people suffering from diabetes mellitus type 2 symptom rang from excess thirst, hunger, tiredness and delayed wound healing thus resulting to the interest of knowing why most elderly people suffer such a health condition  thus.

1.5 Presentation/Layout Of The Hospital

The case study was carried out in the Kumba II sub district divisional hospital covering health areas that include the following Kwakwa, Mbonge. The people in the town are mostly concerned with different kinds of occupations.

The hospital present with the following difference types of disease picture, Malaria, Typhoid, Yellow fever, Whooping cough, Hypertension, Surgical cases and diabetes. The hospital is centrally located to serve the whole population. It is found in between Kumba grandstand and the Kumba city council.

It’s built with blocks, painted yellow, the toilets are place in and out of the hospital. There are ten (10) units, so many wards. There is labor room, minor and major theatre, a scrubbing and dressing rooms, a laboratory, a pharmacy, nurse’s bay, Doctors, surgical Nurses, pharmacists, laboratory Technicians.

These staffs are headed by the Director. With this highly qualified staffs the hospital has been functioning well and makes it capable to manage severe conditions such as diabetes.