KNOWLEDGE OF WOMEN (16-59 YEARS) RESIDENT AT THE GREAT SOPPO HEALTH AREA ON THE PREVENTION OF CERVICAL CANCER
Project Details
Department | NURSING |
Project ID | NU178 |
Price | 5000XAF |
International: $20 | |
No of pages | 40 |
Instruments/method | QUANTITATIVE |
Reference | YES |
Analytical tool | DESCRIPTIVE |
Format | MS Word & PDF |
Chapters | 1-5 |
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Abstract
The study “ Assessing women’s knowledge on the prevention of cervical cancer” at Great Soppo was carried out in a period of two months ( February – April, 2019). The study population was one hundred women who were assessed through well-structured questionnaires . The objectives of the study were to investigate women’s knowledge on the causes, and preventive measures of cervical cancer.
Data was collected, analyzed and presented in tables and figures. Results obtained show that 84% of the women have heard of cervical cancer , 64% could define cervical cancer as one arises from the cells lining the cervix, 68% identifies pregnancy and delivery as a cause, 61% on the signs and symptoms,80% on complication like infertility.
It can therefore be concluded that even though some of the women are knowledgeable as far as causes and prevention of cervical cancer is concern, the women still have to be educated so as to update knowledge full and limit the incidence and prevalence rate of this lethal disease.
CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.0 Introduction
Cervical cancer is cancer arising from the cervix. It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. At the early stage they are no symptoms ; some later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or pain during intercourse(Harvey , 2003).
Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection appears tobe involved in the development ofmore than 90% of cases. However, most people who have had human papilloma virus infections , do not develop cervical cancer; other risk factors include: smoking, a weak immune system , birth control pills and having multiple sexual partners.
( David, 2005) cervical cancer typically develops from precancerous cell changes over 10-20 years.About 90% of cervical cancer cases are squamous cell carcinomas while 10% are adenocarcinoma and a small number are other types . Diagnosis is typically by screening followed by a biopsy. Medical imaging is then done to determine whether the cancer has spread or not.
For the past number of years cervical cancer has been focusing its research efforts on addressing some of the key national and international health services in relation to its incorporation .
According to Hildesheim et al., (2011), the age at which to start screening ranges between 20-30 years of age but not before 25 years and depends on the prevalence of the disease. In the United States, screening is recommended to begin at age 21, regardless of age at which a woman began having sex or other risk factors. Pap test should be done every three years between the ages of 21 and 65. (Kleinerman, 2010)
Pap smears have not been effective in Developing countries. This is because many of this countries have a poor health infrastructure, too few trained and skilled professionals to obtain and interpret pap smears. (Keng X, et al., 2012)
As the cancer metastasizes to other parts of the body, prognosis drops because treatment of local lesions is generally more effective than whole-body treatments such as chemotherapy.
1.1.Background
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women in the world and it is a major cause of mortality in low income countries. In order to be able to developed screening programs in the world, it is essential to explore women’s perception on the diseases (K. phongsavan, 2010).
Human papilloma virus is a very common virus which is the most important etiological agent in the development of cervical cancer and pre-cancer. HPV is also implicated in other cancers including head, neck and vulva cancer. Certain HPV sub- types are linked with cervical and pre-cancer. In particular HPV 16 and 18 are known to cause 70% of all cancers as well as cancers of the anus, vulva, vagina and throat (Martin, 2011)
Dr. George Papnicolaou’s screening method (The Pap Smear) started in the United States in the 1940s. It was widely used in the United Kingdom a decade later and a National Program on Cervical Screening was established in 1988. (Hernandez,2010)
Vaccines are availableto help prevent infections by certain types of HPV and some of the cancers linked to those types: Gardasil (R) Gardasil 9 and cervix All of these vaccines help prevent infection by HPV 16 and HPV 18(Sally, 2014).
According to NjidekaAgbo, (2018) every two minute around the World,a woman dies of cervical cancer.
In 2017 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that the number of Nigerian women suffering from cervical cancer annually totaled 14,089 making it the second leading cause of cancer deaths.
Sadly, this statistics is not only high in Nigeria. Up to 530,000 cases and 275,000 deaths are recorded in developing nations every year. Put together, this is 80% of the cervical cases in the World. This is quite unfortunate knowing that this type of cancer can be avoided before it becomes full blown.
Cervical cancer prevention strategies in Ireland and elsewhere over the past decades have been evolving toadapt to these changes. Forexample in Ireland, a HPV school based vaccinationprogram as introduced in 2010. Moreover, the national cervical screeningprogramme, cervical checks , have adopted HPV testing into its cervical screening protocols . changes to screening protocols (HPV testing) and practices ( HPV vaccination), raises several challenges for cervical screening program (WinerRLet al., 2006)
In addition, HPV testing now plays an important role in cervical cancer prevention in both vaccinated and non- vaccinated women (Harvey, 2010).
1.2. Statement of problem
Cancer of the cervix is one of the leading disease that causes death among women in the Developed and developing countries if not diagnosed early enough. This condition is as devastating as it raises sexual problems (dyspareumia) and post-coital bleeding), infertility, miscarriages, just to name a few. More so, the social life of the woman will be affected; her relationship with her spouse will be strained because of some of the sexual problems raised by the disease. This also brings about low self-esteem of the infected woman among her friends.
Economically, the productivity of the woman is reduced because of ill health. With the advent of these eminent problems, the researcher decided to carry out a research on Women’s knowledge aged 15-59 on the prevention of cervical cancer.
1.3 Research Questions
- Do women know the causes of cervical cancer?
- Do women know how to prevent cervical cancer?
- What are some of the challenges faced with respect to cervical cancer prevention?
1.4 Objectives of the study
1.4.1. General objectives
To assess women’s knowledge on the prevention of cervical cancer
1.4.2Specific objectives
- To assess women’s knowledge on the causes of cervical cancer
- To find out the different measures used by women to prevent cervical cancer.
- To identify the challenges faced with respect to cervical cancer prevention